Comparative analysis of widely targeted metabolomics between greenhouse-cultivated and bottle-acclimated Anoectochilus roxburghii
[Purpose]Based on widely targeted metabolomics techniques,this study aimed to explore the differences in major me-tabolites between bottle-acclimated and greenhouse-cultivated Anoectochilus roxburghii.The study provided a theoretical basis for the identification of A.roxburghii products obtained using different cultivation methods.[Method]This study focused on the main culti-vated variety of A.roxburghii,'Hongxia'.UPLC-MS/MS analysis was used to compare and analyze the differential metabolites be-tween the 6-month-old bottle-acclimated and the 6-month-old greenhouse-cultivated'Hongxia'dried whole plant.Indicative and dif-ferential metabolite enrichment pathway analyses were also performed.[Result]After testing,the average plant height of A.rox-burghii cultivated in the greenhouse and acclimated in the bottle was 11.37 cm and 9.90 cm,the average number of leaves was 8.75 and 5.75,while the average dry weight per plant was 0.43 g and 0.23 g,respectively.These results suggested that greenhouse culti-vation was significantly more effective than bottle acclimatization.The kinsenoside content of bottle-acclimated and greenhouse-culti-vated A.roxburghii was 138.75 g·kg-1 and 144.75 g·kg-1,respectively.The protein content was 129.75 g·kg-1 and 133.13 g·kg-1,respectively.Both were slightly higher in the greenhouse-cultivated products than in the bottle-acclimated products;howev-er,the difference between the two was not significant.880 metabolites were detected in both the bottle-acclimated and greenhouse-cultivated dried samples,and 89 significantly different metabolites were identified.Among these,55 metabolites were upregulated during greenhouse cultivation and 34 metabolites were downregulated.Among the indicative metabolites with higher contents,there were 22 species in the greenhouse cultivation,including flavonoids,phenolic acids,nucleotides,and their derivatives.There were 10 types of compounds in bottle acclimation,including phenolic acids,alkaloids,and free fatty acids.Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that 89 significantly different metabolites were distributed across 48 metabolic pathways,including thiamine metabolism,vi-tamin B6 metabolism,alanine,aspartate,and glutamate metabolism,biotin metabolism,ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone bi-osynthesis,flavone and flavanol biosynthesis,purine metabolism,aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis,cyanoamino acid metabolism,ether lipid metabolism,and folate biosynthesis.[Conclusion]It is not possible to distinguish between A.roxburghii products grown in a bottle or greenhouse solely based on the content of kinsenoside and protein.In the differential metabolic spectrum,both products had upregulated metabolites.However,A.roxburghii cultivated in greenhouses exhibited significant advantages in terms of quantity and content.This distinction serves as a scientific basis for distinguishing between the two cultivated products.Furthermore,among the indicated metabolites,the active ingredients of A.roxburghii,such as phenolic acids,flavonoids,and other compounds,demonstrate notable benefits for greenhouse cultivation.These findings offer insights into high-quality cultivation of A.roxburghii.
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