Ethical Issues and Governance Strategies in Technological Design from the Oriented of Consumerism
Consumerism,as a social concept popular in developed Western countries,it is a general term for the corresponding concepts that guide and regulate people's actions and relationships related to consumption.The emergence of consumerism is based on the nature of capital's pursuit of profit,which is marked by the constant renewal of products in the 20th century American industrial design period,bringing more consumption,i.e.,the formation of"planned obsolescence"and the establishment of consumer engineering,which actually means the formation of"market-led design"mode.Although the emergence of consumerism promoted the development and prosperity of the American economy at that time,consumerism as a corporate marketing tool,it made difficult for industrial designers,who were engaged in the operation of the capital chain,to transcend the limitations of consumerism in their thinking about morality,which would impact on the co-ordination of the relationship between stakeholders and the sustainable development of human society.As the first generation of American industrial design pioneers,such as Dreyfuss,Loewy and Whiteley were keenly aware of this problem,and their rebellion against consumerism reflected the awakening of industrial designers'professional consciousness that design ethics could be integrated into the profession of design in some way.Since their ethical awareness only remained in the act of resisting consumerism and lacked a more mature ethical concept,their influence was not obvious.Victor J.Papanek's reflection on the ethical issues of technical design is based on this grim reality.This paper firstly draws on the reasonable ideological components of Papanek's ethical view of technical design,and repositions the essence of technical design as a new kind of functionalism,"designing for the real world"focusing on the distinction between needs and desires,as well as the synergistic development of the ethical conception of responsible design and the cultivation of the responsibility of industrial designers.And to implement Papanek's ethical concept of technology design by using the 3R technology design methodology,in which"reduce","reuse"and"recycle"are the key elements of the ethical concept.The core design concepts of"reduce","reuse"and"recycle"can gradually alleviate the ethical problems brought by consumerism,and provide a certain theoretical basis for future research on consumerism.However,as one of the ways to manage the ethical problems caused by consumerism,the core design concepts of"Reduce","Reuse"and"Recycle"of the 3R technology design method require certain conditions of application in practice,i.e.industrial designers are required to focus on protecting the environment in the process of product design,use and waste disposal,reflecting a path of governance aimed at sustainability.Of course,it is not possible to force all technical designs to be completed under this concept,and it is also necessary to play the role of emotional design,ergonomics and other pathways.In China's future product technology design,it is also necessary to learn from the 3R technology design method and carry out independentdesign method innovation,so as to make its own contribution to the creation of sustainable green products with Chinese characteristics and the promotion of the coordinated development of mankind-society-nature.
consumerismethics of technological designPapanek3R technological design
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