The Perspective Review and Development Orientation of the Research on University Governance in Japan for 30 Years
In response to societal structural changes,Japan has undertaken significant initiatives to reform university governance.From the perspective of governance structure,power allocation,governance system,and governance effectiveness,a systematic analysis was conducted in the CiNii database of the National Institute of Informatics in Japan from 1992 to 2022.The findings revealed characteristics of university governance in Japan.First,national universities tended to adopt an integrated governance structure with clear power alloca-tions between teaching research and management;private universities adopted a loose,multi-subject,and flexi-ble multi-form governance structure.Second,power allocation continuously strengthened the functions of exter-nal governance subjects and the power and responsibilities of presidents to clarify the power and responsibilities of multiple subjects.Third,the governance system in Japan consisted of"hard"laws of the legal system and"soft"laws of the university governance code.However,there were still controversies regarding the effectiveness and legitimacy of these governance practices.Future empirical and action research is recommended.
university governance in Japansystematic literature reviewJapanese higher education