摘要
目的 了解云浮市食品中黄曲霉毒素B1的污染状况,初步评估其膳食暴露量及健康风险.方法 基于2019-2022年间云浮市食品随机抽检结果,采用蒙特卡洛概率模型法按地区、性别、年龄分组评估不同人群黄曲霉毒素B1膳食暴露量,应用点评估法、暴露限值法对引发肝癌风险进行描述.结果 本次抽检的10种1 239份食品黄曲霉毒素B1平均含量为3.98 μg/kg,平均含量前3位的是花生油、酿造酱、玉米油,分别为5.89、1.75、1.10 μg/kg;总体检出率31.9％,检出率前3位的是酿造酱、花生油、玉米油,分别为60.0％、44.4％、29.4％;总体超标率3.8％,超标产品均为花生油.在P50、P95百分位点(分别代表平均、高端暴露水平),城乡居民黄曲霉毒素B1暴露量分别为1.41、18.33 ng/(kg·d);MOE值均远低于10 000;致肝癌发病风险为0.039、0.513例/(10万人·年).黄曲霉毒素B1主要来源依次为植物油脂、大米、小麦粉,各占膳食暴露量的82.3％、9.2％、6.4％.农村地区暴露量和健康风险均高于城市地区.存在年龄越小,暴露量和健康风险越高的趋势,3～5岁组最高.结论 云浮市食品存在一定程度的黄曲霉毒素B,污染,膳食暴露健康风险应引起关注并优先关注农村地区、低年龄人群,建议加强对检出率较高的食品的监管力度.
Abstract
Objective To investigate the contamination status of aflatoxin B,in foodstuffs in Yunfu City,and pre-liminarily assess the dietary exposure and health risk.Methods Based on the determination results of random sampling foodstuffs in Yunfu City from 2019 to 2022,the Monte Carlo probability model was used to assess the dietary exposure of af-latoxin B1 in different population groups by region,gender,and age.The risk of liver cancer was described by using the point estimation method and the margin of exposure method.Results The mean content of aflatoxin B1 in 1 239 samples of 10 types of foodstuffs was 3.98 μg/kg,with peanut oil(5.89 μg/kg),brewed sauce(1.75 μg/kg),and corn oil(1.10μg/kg)ranking among the top three.The overall detection rate was 31.9％,with the top three being brewed sauce,peanut oil,and corn oil,which were 60.0％,44.4％,and 29.4％,respectively.The overall exceeding rate was 3.8％,and all unquali-fied products were peanut oil.At the 50 and 95 percentiles(representing mean and high exposure levels respectively),for urban and rural populations,the aflatoxin B1 exposure were 1.41 and 18.33 ng/(kg·d),respectively;the MOE values both were much lower than 10 000.The incidence risk of liver cancer was 0.039 and 0.513 cases per 100 000 individuals per year,respectively.The main sources of aflatoxin B1 were vegetable oils,rice,and wheat flours,accounting for 82.3％,9.2％,and 6.4％of dietary exposure,respectively.The exposure and health risks in rural areas were higher than those in urban ar-eas.There was a trend that the younger the age,the higher the exposure and health risk,with the 3-5-year-old group be-ing the highest.Conclusions Foodstuff in Yunfu City is contaminated with aflatoxin B,to a certain extent,and the health risk of dietary exposure should be paid attention to and priority should be paid to rural areas and young people.It is sug-gested to strengthen the supervision of foodstuffs with high detection rate.
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万方数据