摘要
目的 分析威海市居民消化系统恶性肿瘤发病和死亡的流行特征,为评价防治效果和改善防治措施提供参考.方法 利用2015-2022年威海市居民消化系统恶性肿瘤监测数据和同期人口资料分别计算食管癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、肝癌、胆囊癌和胰腺癌6种消化系统恶性肿瘤发病率和死亡率的年度变化百分比(APC),并分析其时间变化趋势.结果 2015-2022年威海市消化系统恶性肿瘤中标发病率为58.82/10万～72.88/10万,中标死亡率为38.72/10万～47.40/10万.居民发病率和死亡率占比较大的消化系统恶性肿瘤均为结直肠癌、胃癌和肝癌.男女性结直肠癌发病率呈现上升趋势且有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);男女性肝癌发病率呈下降趋势且有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).男女性结直肠癌死亡率呈上升趋势且有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),男女性胃癌和肝癌死亡率呈下降趋势且有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).消化系统恶性肿瘤发病和死亡男性均高于女性,主要恶性肿瘤发病和死亡高峰年龄有差异.结论 2015-2022年威海市居民消化系统恶性肿瘤发病率和死亡率总体保持稳定,胃癌、肝癌和结直肠癌在消化系统恶性肿瘤发病和死亡中占较大比重,不同肿瘤发病和死亡趋势变化不一致;应采取针对性措施对不同肿瘤开展精准防控.
Abstract
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the incidence and death of digestive sys-tem malignancies in Weihai residents,and provide a reference for evaluating and improving the interventional measure-ments.Methods Based on the surveillance data of digestive system malignancy of residents in Weihai from 2015 to 2022 and the population data of the same period,the annual percentage change(APC)of the morbidity and mortality of esopha-geal cancer,gastric cancer,colorectal cancer,liver cancer,gallbladder cancer,and pancreatic cancer were calculated,and their time variation trends were analyzed.Results From 2015 to 2022,the standardized morbidity of digestive system ma-lignancies in Weihai ranged from 58.82 to 72.88 per 100 000 population,while the standardized mortality ranged from 38.72 to 47.40 per 100 000 population.Colorectal cancer,gastric cancer,and liver cancer were responsible for the majority of the morbidity and mortality among the digestive system malignancies.For both males and females,the morbidity of colorectal cancer showed a statistically significant increasing trend(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01);in contrast,the morbidity of liver cancer exhibited a statistically significant decreasing trend(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The mortality of colorectal cancer also dis-played a statistically significant upward trend for both genders(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),whereas the mortality for gastric can-cer and liver cancer demonstrated a statistically significant downward trend(all P＜0.01).The morbidity and mortality of di-gestive system malignancies were higher in males than in females,with differences in the peak age of onset for the major types of malignancies.Conclusions The morbidity and mortality of digestive system malignancies in Weihai have re-mained stable from 2015 to 2022,with gastric cancer,liver cancer,and colorectal cancer accounting for a significant pro-portion of both.It is important to note that the trends in morbidity and mortality vary among different types of cancers,thus requiring specific measures to be implemented for precise prevention and control strategies.
万方数据