明代古文选本的选文形态及其文学史意义
The Selection Patterns of Ancient Prose Anthologies in the Ming Dynasty and Their Significance in Literary History
李矜君1
作者信息
摘要
选文,是古文选本的核心要素.其不仅是选文者个性气质的展现,也反映出不同时代文学、社会风气的发展.入明以后,古文选本选文形态经历了两个重要的发展时期.前一时期,明洪武至正德初,选文在排抑"八代"、诗文合选及与经、史、子的边界等问题上,表现出与前代的一致性,选文方式主要是"抄汇前选".后一时期,为明正德至崇祯,古文选本体裁、类型的丰富性与全面性日益突出,主要表现为:一、对经、史、子部作品的吸收;二、对元人及国朝人作品的接纳;三、复古思潮下唐宋文入选篇目的稳定增长等.此外,明后期还出现了 一类具有"尚奇"性质的古文选本.诸书开创了一种"采摭遗逸"的特殊体例;促进了"实用"与"赏读"型古文选本的分型;同时,还对明中期后"崇正抑变"的辨体思想进行了反拨,在明文学史上具有特殊的贡献和价值.
Abstract
Selection of texts is the core content of ancient prose anthology.It not only embodies the concepts and purposes of the selector,but also reflects the overall development of literature and social ethos.After entering the Ming Dynasty,the selection of ancient texts went through two periods.The first period was from the Hongwu to the early Zhengde era.The selection of texts showed consistency with the previous dynasties in terms of suppressing the"Eight Dynasties",the combination of poetry and prose,and the boundaries between classics,history,and philosophy.The main method of selection was"compiling previous selections".The second period was from Zhengde to Chongzhen,when the richness and comprehensiveness of genres and types became increasingly prominent.The main manifestations were:1)the absorption of works from the classics,history,and philosophy sections;2)the acceptance of works by contemporary and Yuan Dynasty writers;3)the stable development of the quantity of Tang and Song literature selected under the trend of restoring ancient styles.In addition,a type of ancient anthology with a"preference for novelty"emerged in the late Ming.These books pioneered a style of"collecting and gleaning lost gems",promoting the differentiation between"practical"and"appreciative"ancient anthologies,and also pushing back against and adjusting the ideas of"upholding orthodoxy and suppressing change"in the middle and late Ming period.They hold an important position and value in the history of Ming literature.
关键词
明代/古文选本/选文形态/演变/文学史Key words
Ming Dynasty/ancient prose anthologies/selection form/evolution/literary history引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社会科学基金重大项目(17ZDA47)
国家社会科学基金青年项目(22CZW043)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据