古代文学理论研究2024，Issue(2) ：46-69.

比兴阐释的概念错位及比兴变义的深层语法

The Dislocation of Concepts in the Interpretation of Bi-Xing and the Deep Grammar of the Evolutional Meaning of Bi-Xing

赵建章 赵迎芳
古代文学理论研究2024，Issue(2) ：46-69.
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比兴阐释的概念错位及比兴变义的深层语法

The Dislocation of Concepts in the Interpretation of Bi-Xing and the Deep Grammar of the Evolutional Meaning of Bi-Xing

赵建章 1赵迎芳2
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作者信息

  • 1. 青岛大学文学与新闻传播学院
  • 2. 山东社会科学院国际儒学研究院
  • 折叠

摘要

主流观念以赋比兴划分《诗经》篇目的依据来自汉儒,但对于比、兴区别的解释以及对比兴意象内涵的理解又不同于汉儒,因此造成了比兴阐释的概念错位.为澄清这种混乱,需要区分比兴的三种不同意义,即毛郑义、本义和变义.毛郑义是汉儒从政治和道德角度对比兴的理解,本义则是汉代以后学者对比兴的文学性解读.毛郑义和本义都仅就《诗经》而言比兴,变义则是对《诗经》之后出现的意在言外、情景相生等创作方法的概括.就变义而言,《诗经》中恰恰是缺乏兴的,因此通行观念用兴的变义讨论《诗经》就无法避免文不对题.毛郑义和本义都把兴理解为比喻,因而无法在深层结构上区分比和兴.哲学语法意义上的隐喻不同于修辞学中的隐喻,后者在深层结构上与一般比喻并无区别,而前者则是通过语言的深层语法把未成形的经验形式化.兴的变义与隐喻具有同样的深层语法,都是把尚未获得表达的情感经验凝结为语言从而形成诗歌的蕴含状态.

Abstract

The standard of classifying The Book of Songs by Fu,Bi and Xing of the mainstream thought comes from Han Dynasty scholars,but its understanding about the meaning of Bi-Xing and the images in The Book of Songs is different from Han Dynasty scholars.This contradiction has caused the dislocation of concepts in the interpretation of Bi-Xing.To clarify this confusion,It is necessary to distinguish three different meanings of Bi-Xing,the Mao-Zheng meaning,the original meaning and the evolutional meaning.The Mao-Zheng meaning is the understanding from political and moral perspective of Han Dynasty scholars,while the original meaning is the literary interpretation of scholars after the Han Dynasty.These two meanings are only for The Book of Songs,while the evolutional meaning is a generalization of creative techniques such as implied meaning and a fusion of feelings with the natural setting after The Book of Songs.There is a lack of the evolutional meaning in The Book of Songs,so it is inappropriate to discuss The Book of Songs with this meaning.In the sense of the Mao-Zheng meaning and the original meaning,Xing is Analogy(Simile),so it is impossible to distinguish Bi and Xing in the deep structure.In the sense of Philosophical grammar,Xing is Metaphor which formalizing the unformed experience through the deep grammar of the language.Conforming to the deep grammar of Metaphor,Xing condenses the emotional experience that has not been expressed as a language and forms the state of the implication of poetry.

关键词

比兴/比喻(明喻)/隐喻/哲学语法

Key words

Bi-Xing/Analogy(Simile)/Metaphor/Philosophical grammar

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出版年

2024
古代文学理论研究

古代文学理论研究

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