摘要
"介"的经典意义可追溯至《周易》《礼记》《易传》《孟子》《荀子》等典籍.这与西方的"介入"理论不谋而合,介入的主体都是精英知识分子,他们的身份就暗含了文学、政治、哲学的关系问题.宋人言"介"实为社会风气,这是士人追求"内圣外王"的必然产物.然而,由于南宋士人身份的转型与权相政治等原因导致"外王"之梦破灭,心学主张的"反求诸己"等观念,较之理学成为更顺应时代需要的思想,因而尤其在南宋,在转向内求的士人之中,"介"成为他们的普遍关切.不同身份的士人主体对于"介"的关注反映了宋人对"介"的共识.从"介"的概念群辨析中,亦可见从宋初到宋末"介"说背后思想的变迁,那么其中的变与常、成因与意义则亟待揭橥.
Abstract
The classical meaning of"Jie"can be traced back to classics such as Zhouyi,Book of Rites,Yi-Zhuan,Mencius,Xunzi,etc.The theory of"Jie"in the Song Dynasty coincides with the theory of"intervention"in the west,because the main figures involved are the elites,and their identities involves the relationship between literature,politics and philosophy.In Song Dynasty,"Jie"is actually the social atmosphere,which is the inevitable product of elites'pursuit of"inner saint and outer king".However,due to the transformation of the identities of the elites in the Southern Song Dynasty and the monocracy of prime minister,the dream of"outer king"fails,in addition,the concept of"seeking for oneself"in the heart-mind theory has become more in line with the needs of the times than Neo-Confucianism.Therefore,especially in the Southern Song Dynasty,among the elites who turned to internal pursuit,"Jie"became their common concern,even though their different identities.From the analysis of the concept group of"Jie",we can also see the change of the theory of the"Jie"theory from the early Song Dynasty to the late Song Dynasty,then the change,the cause and the significance need to be revealed.
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