明洪武与永乐朝戏曲的"禁"与"变"
The Prohibition and Transformation of the Opera in Hongwu and Yongle Periods of Ming Dynasty
刘梅兰1
作者信息
- 1. 河西学院文学院、丝绸之路戏曲与民间文化研究中心
- 折叠
摘要
明初对戏曲演出禁限颇多,洪武朝与永乐朝多次颁布律令,明确昭告天下戏曲搬演的禁限范围,从宏观上规范着戏曲创作、演出和批评活动的"正确"方向.戏曲的伦理道德教化功能被放大,直接或间接制约了戏曲演出、批评和文本的创作形态,并最终影响了明前期戏曲的发展趋向和内外在表现.洪武朝基于新朝初建统一意识形态,修订乐章乐舞,制礼节乐,演剧为声教,使戏曲归于正位.永乐朝承袭祖制,劝善与欢乐太平者不在禁限之列,带有较明显的功成乐作、粉饰太平的意味.但随着时间的推移,某些戏曲禁令在永乐朝渐被突破,特别是随着商品经济的发展,戏曲消费已成时代趋向,书坊刊刻印刷业的发展,又加速了戏曲文本的生产、流播,书籍市场鱼龙混杂在所难免,有必要重申律令,强调查毁"亵渎帝王圣贤"的词曲、驾头杂剧等戏曲文本的收藏与传播.惩处力度的加大,也体现出靖难登基的永乐帝对自身身份的焦虑,需要粉饰盛世以确认其继位的正当性.
Abstract
In the early Ming Dynasty,there were many prohibitions and restrictions on the performance of traditional Chinese opera.The Hongwu and Yongle periods issued laws and regulations multiple times,clearly declaring the scope of prohibitions and restrictions on the content of traditional Chinese opera,and regulating the"correct"direction of opera creation,performance,and criticism activities from a macro perspective.The ethical and moral education function of traditional Chinese opera was amplified,directly or indirectly restricting the form of opera performance,criticism,and text creation,and ultimately affecting the development trend and internal and external performance of traditional Chinese opera in the early Ming Dynasty.In the Hongwu period,it was mainly based on the establishment of a unified ideology at the beginning of the new dynasty,in order to facilitate political needs such as dynasty rule and social governance.It revised the music and dance movements,made music based on festive music,and performed opera as a form of vocal education,so as to restore traditional Chinese opera to its position.In the Yongle period,it inherited its ancestral system,and those who advocated for goodness and happiness and peace were not restricted.They carried a more obvious sense of achievement and happiness,embellishing the meaning of peace.But with the passage of time,certain prohibitions on traditional Chinese opera have gradually been broken through,especially with the development of the commodity economy.The consumption of traditional Chinese opera has become a trend of the times,and the development of the publishing and printing industry in bookstores has accelerated the production and dissemination of traditional Chinese opera texts.It is inevitable that the book market is mixed with good and bad.It is necessary to emphasize the collection and dissemination of"blasphemy of imperial sages"such as Ci,Qu,and Jiatou Zaju,and increase punishment,reflecting the anxiety of the emperor's own identity when he ascended the throne in Jingnan.It is necessary to whitewash the prosperous era to confirm the legitimacy of his succession.
关键词
洪武朝/永乐朝/教化/戏曲禁限/变迁Key words
Hongwu/Yongle/education/prohibitions and restrictions on traditional Chinese opera/changes引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据