To assess the exposure to heterocyclic aromatic amines(HAAs)from tobacco smoke,a novel method,an aqueous two-phase system based on deep eutectic solvent(DES-APTS)followed by UPLC,was described to analyze five HAAs(IQ,IQ[4,5-b],Harman,Norharman,Phe-P-1)from the urine samples of smokers.Seven kinds of choline chloride(ChCl)-based DESs had been synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and FTIR spectra.The significant parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of HAAs in the DES-ATPS procedure were systematically investigated.Under optimal extraction conditions,the recoveries for the target HAAs ranged from 81.9％to 106.2％.The obtained intra-and inter-day relative standard deviations(RSDs)were less than 2.9％and 3.2％,respectively.The detection limits(LODs)and quantification limits(LOQs)were obtained in ranges of 0.020-0.097 ng/g and 0.19-0.39 ng/g,respectively.The developed method of DES-ATPS,with its simplicity,good environment-friendliness and low-cost per sample,could be a promising alternative technique for rapidly extracting and quantifying HAAs from urine samples,and displayed great development potential in the field of the detection in biological samples.
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