Synthesis of Furan-based Phosphaphenanthrene Flame Retardant and Its Application in Anti-flammable Epoxy Thermosets
A novel bio-based flame retardant(Furan-2DOPO)was synthesized from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural,furfuramine,phosphorus oxychloride and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide(DOPO).Its struc-ture was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,proton-and phosphorus-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.A series of cured flame retarded epoxy products was obtained by modification of epoxy resin with Furan-2DOPO.The effects of the loading of Furan-2DOPO on the mechanical properties,thermal stability and flame retardant properties of the cured epoxy products were investigated.The results showed that when the addition amount of Furan-2DOPO was only 5%(mass fraction,phosphorus mass fraction was 0.47%),the oxygen index of the cured epoxy product reached 31.0%,and can pass the UL-94 V-0 test;compared with the unmodified epoxy resin,the peak heat release rate of the cured epoxy products containing 2.5%(mass fraction)and 5%(mass fraction)Furan-2DOPO was decreased by 31%and 35%,respectively.In addition,the tensile strength of the cured epoxy products containing 2.5%and 5%Furan-2DOPO was about 28%higher than that of the unmodified epoxy resin,respectively.The results of char analysis indicated that Furan-2DOPO possessed excellent catalytic charring performance,which was conducive to reducing the escape of combustible gases during combustion,so as to improve the flame retardant performance.
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