Study on the mechanism of pycnogenol in improving the cellular microenvironment in osteoarthritis progression
Objective To investigate the effects of Pycnogenol on the cellular microenvironment in osteoarthritis(OA)rats,providing theoretical and pharmacological evidence for OA treatment.Methods An OA rat model was estab-lished via intra-articular injection of iodoacetic acid.OA rats were treated with varying doses of Pycnogenol.Synovial flu-id,synovial tissue,subchondral bone,and fibroblast-like synoviocytes were isolated.Levels of inflammatory cytokines in knee joint fluid were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA).The proportion of immune cells and the expression of M1/M2 macrophage markers in synovial fluid were measured by flow cytometry,real-time PCR,and Western blotting.Subchondral bone parameters were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Results Pyc-nogenol significantly suppressed the upregulation of interleukin-1 β,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α in OA rats in a dose-dependent manner(P＜0.05).It inhibited the increase in reactive oxygen species and the decrease in su-peroxide dismutase in the knee joint fluid of OA rats(P＜0.05).Pycnogenol also increased the expression of M2 macro-phage markers in the synovial fluid(P＜0.05).In cell experiments,Pycnogenol inhibited fibroblast-like synoviocyte proliferation,migration,and invasion while promoting apoptosis(P＜0.05).Additionally,Pycnogenol reversed changes in subchondral bone metrics in OA rats in a dose-dependent manner(P＜0.05)and inhibited osteoblast formation in-duced by OA(P＜0.05).Conclusion Pycnogenol ameliorates OA progression by promoting M2 macrophage polariza-tion,inhibiting fibroblast-like synoviocyte function,and mitigating subchondral bone remodeling.
pycnogenolosteoarthritisinflammatory factorsmacrophagesubchondral bone
国家科技期刊平台
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