During long-distance single-head excavation,heat tends to accumulate at the tunnel heading,adversely affecting work-ing conditions.Taking the tunnel heading temperature as the primary focus,this study investigates the formation of heat sources and employs numerical simulation software to analyze the temperature distribution in an extra-long tunnel under both standard ventilation and additional local cooling measures.The results indicate that mechanical heat dissipation is the dominant factor leading to high temperatures at the tunnel heading.While forced ventilation can partially mitigate elevated temperatures,once the single-heading excavation length exceeds a certain threshold,ventilation alone becomes insufficient for effective cool-ing.By contrast,localized cooling measures,such as using cold water derived from melted flake ice and mist-spraying along the tunnel sidewalls,can maintain the heading temperature within acceptable limits.Implementation of a comprehensive cooling scheme ultimately achieves satisfactory temperature control during tunnel construction.
关键词
掌子面/积热/热源/形成机制/数值模拟/局部降温/温度场
Key words
tunnel heading/heat accumulation/heat source/formation mechanism/numerical simulation/local cooling/tem-perature field
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