Inheritance and Harmonization:Emperor Qianlong and the Shamanism Ritual in the Royal Palace
Shamanism sacrifice has a long history through changes and reforms,which was getting along with the royal sacristies in the court after the Manchu crossed the Pass to enter the central land,but declining by the Qianlong era.So,Emperor Qianlong ordered to compile the'Imperially Commissioned Rituals for Worshipping the Deities and the Heaven in Manchu'(钦定满洲祭神祭天典礼)with the modified content,personnel and timing for the ritual in order to reverse this trend.The reform made the Shamanism sacrifice formal and royal,above all,with the embodiment of the Manchu-Han cultures blends.The actual execution of the rituals was flexible,the emperor rarely attending by himself,the random-selected ministers giving offering,and the date of rituals adjusted frequently.What is analyzed above suggests that Emperor Qianlong's reform to the Shaman rituals was to fulfill the inheritance and harmonization of the Manchu tradition and national sacrifices.
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