Cao Jixiang,originally named Jixiang,never officially adopted the surname Cao during his lifetime.He was by origin from Changchunshe in Luanzhou,Yongping Prefecture where many Mongolian and other ethnic groups were settled at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty.Jixiang rose to powerful position by his military achievements,later which made him the first eunuch to oversee the Imperial Guard of the capital,with a group of Tatar troops under his command for a long time.The Ji Xiang's family was greedy for wealth and sought political and economic rights for the Tatar troops.His nephew,Cao Qin,exposed for illegal activities,led Tatar troops to resist with force.Jixiang and his clan are of the mixed cultural characteristics of the Mongolian and the Han.So they were probably the Mongolian by origin.The flexibility of Ming Dynasty in tackling Cao Qin's rebellion reflects the ruling idea of'the Han and the minorities as one Family',which is of significant importance in the progress of ethnic blending during the Ming era.
Ming DynastyCao JixiangTatar troopsCao Qin's rebellion
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