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金塔寺石窟的营造工程

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石窟是按照特定理念规划设计并施工营建的,通过系统整合现存遗迹现象所反映的考古信息,能够重建石窟的营造工程.本文通过对金塔寺现存建筑、塑像和壁画遗迹的逆向推演,尝试复原金塔寺石窟的营造规制、施工程序和匠作体系.首先利用窟室空间结构、塔柱形制、塑像与壁画配设逻辑,复建石窟整体空间营造理念.其后,根据洞窟壁面的工具凿痕,复原窟室空间的开凿过程,对不同类型塑像的制作、安装技术和壁画绘制技法进行系统分析,再现石窟的施工程序.在此基础上,将技术分工与工匠团体相互关联,尝试还原石窟匠作体系和不同工匠团体的施工过程、协作方式与层级分工.最后通过对局部遗迹现象的分析解读,展现工匠的施工失误与补救措施.
The Construction of Jintasi Grotto Temple Reviewed
The construction of any grottoes adheres to special philosophy in design,planning and procedure,which therefore makes it possible for later generations to revive the completion of the project logically based on the archaeological data systematically sorted out from historical remains concerned.This thesis reversely traces the evolution of the buildings,Buddha figures and murals surviving in the temple to reconstruct the caves in sense.Firstly,it confirms the construction idea for the caves by the structure of chamber,the shape of central pillar,the Buddha images and the murals in logical arrangement.Then,it reviews the construction process of the cave chambers by the digging marks left on the walls,and analyzes the skills for shaping and fixing the different types of Buddha statues in place as well as the application of drawing techniques to the murals.Thirdly,it discusses the craft systems and groups of craftsmen involved in the procedure of the caves construction in collaboration and division of labors of levels.Lastly,it points out the errors and repairs by the craftsmen from the traces that remain in the local areas of the construction.

Jintasi Grottoesconstruction rulesconstruction procedurecraftsmen system

夏立栋、姚桂兰

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中国社会科学院考古研究所

张掖市文物保护研究所

金塔寺石窟 营造规制 施工程序 匠作体系

2024

故宫博物院院刊
故宫博物院

故宫博物院院刊

CSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.345
ISSN:0452-7402
年,卷(期):2024.272(12)