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促腐条件下小麦玉米秸秆还田土壤养分变化特征研究

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采用盆钵培养法，模拟定西市李家堡镇典型的黄土高原旱作农业区旱作覆膜方式，通过秸秆添加腐解剂还田研究小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆腐解120 d 土壤养分含量的动态变化特征。结果表明：在小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆120 d 的腐解过程中，各处理土壤有机质、碱解氮、全氮的增加速率一致表现为先增后减，土壤磷素、钾素的增加速率变化趋势为增—减—增—减；添加腐解剂处理的土壤养分增加速率均大于秸秆直接还田（对照），培肥土壤效果明显；小麦、玉米秸秆添加腐解剂 F3的处理土壤养分含量高于其他处理，即内含具特殊功能的芽孢杆菌、丝状真菌、放线菌和酵母菌的秸秆腐解剂 F3增加土壤养分的效果最好；相同腐解剂下不同种类秸秆处理的土壤养分含量表现为：WF1＞ CF1，WF2≥ CF2，WF3＜ CF3，即由好氧性的多个菌种复合培养而成的秸秆腐解剂 F1对小麦秸秆促腐优势最大；F3对玉米秸秆的促腐作用优于 F1和 F2；富含分解纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和其他生物有机物质的微生物菌群的秸秆腐解剂 F2对小麦、玉米秸秆的促腐效果基本相似。
Dynamic characteristics of fertilized soil with wheat and corn straws under decomposition conditions
Dingxi City Lee Town is a typical dry farming area in the Loess Plateau .In this area ,agricultural pro-duction usually uses a planting method ,named whole film double furrow sowing .In this research ,to investigate the dy-namic characteristics of soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass during the process of decomposing wheat and corn straw for 120 d ,a pot cultivation method ,simulating the actual planted production in this area ,was employed by adding differ-ent kinds of straws .The results showed that after 120 days of decomposition ,the increasing rates of soil organic matter and nitrogen with each treatment tended to increase in the early time ,and then became decreased .The rates of soil phos-phorus and potassium appeared an increase - decrease - increase - decrease trend .Fields with straw return by adding de-composition accelerators could improve the increasing rates of soil nutrients .The soil nutrients using different straws with the decomposition accelerator F3 (including Bacillus ,filamentous fungi ,actinomycetes and yeasts with special features ) were higher than those with other treatments .The soil nutrients using different straw treatments with the same decomposi -tion accelerator performance in an order of the following :WF1 > CF1 ,WF2 ≥ CF2 ,and WF3 < CF3 .It was concluded that among three different decomposition accelerators ,F1 (obtained through multiple aerobic complex strains with a strong ability to decompose cellulose ,hemicelluloses ,lignin and other organic ingredients of organic wastes ) was the best in promoting the decomposition of wheat ,and F2 (rich in microbial flora which contains straw decomposing ingredient such as cellulose ,hemicelluloses ,lignin and other bio - organic substances) played a same role in promoting wheat and corn straw decompositions .

straw returningwheat strawcorn strawdecomposed agentsoil nutrientsdynamic characteristics

牛怡、张仁陟、蔡立群、张军、岳丹、周欢

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甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070

甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃 兰州 730070

甘肃省节水农业工程技术研究中心,甘肃 兰州 730070

秸秆还田 小麦秸秆 玉米秸秆 腐解剂 土壤养分 动态特征

国家自然科学基金“十二?五”《循环农业科技工程》甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地开放基金甘肃省高等学校研究生导师科研项目计划

311602692012BAD14B03GSCS －2013－131002－09

2015

10.16302/j.cnki.1000-7601.2015.02.025

干旱地区农业研究
西北农林科技大学

干旱地区农业研究

CSTPCDCSCD
影响因子：1.021
ISSN：1000-7601
年,卷(期)：2015.(2)
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