为明确有机肥还田+保护性耕作措施下黑龙江省西部土壤有机质和作物产量的双提升技术效果,2021年10月,在黑龙江省西部齐齐哈尔市梅里斯区开展试验,以玉米为供试作物,设置5个处理:有机肥+深松40 cm(YS40)、秸秆留茬+深松40 cm(WS40)、有机肥+旋耕20 cm(YS20)、秸秆留茬+旋耕20 cm(WS20)、有机肥表施+免耕(YB);一个对照:秸秆留茬+免耕(CK).结果表明:施入有机肥的处理能够提升深土层土壤肥力,在20～40 cm 土层中YS20处理与CK处理相比有机质和全氮依次提升11.56 g.kg-1和0.57 g·kg-1;40～60 cm 土层中YS40处理与CK处理相比有机质和全氮依次提升2.83 g·kg-1和0.28 g·kg-1.土壤结构方面,在0～20 cm 土层中YB处理的容重较CK降低17.5％、含水量提升35.5％,40～60 cm 土层中YS40处理的容重较CK处理降低5.3％、含水量提升38.4％.有机肥与保护性耕作处理提高了玉米不同生育时期叶面积指数、叶绿素含量和干物质积累量,进而提高了玉米产量,第二年的YS40、YS20、YB处理较CK处理分别增产14.5％、18.5％、11.4％.收益分析表明,与CK处理相比,2021年YB处理和2022年YS20处理收益增加最多,分别增加5 770元.hm-2和5 223元·hm-2.综上所述,黑龙江省西部薄层黑土实施有机肥还田+保护性耕作是提升土壤有机质、有机碳储量、全氮、全氮储量、玉米产量和经济效益的有效措施.
Exploration of technology and economic benefit analysis for double improvement of soil organic matter and maize yield in cold area black soil
To examine dual improvement effects of organic fertilizer'return and conservation tillage measures on soil organic matter and crop yield in western Heilongjiang Province,in 2021,the experiment was carried out in Meilisi District,Qiqihar City,western Heilongjiang Province.Maize was used as the test crop,and five treatments were set up:organic fertilizer deep loosening 40 cm(YS40),straw stubble+deep loosening 40 cm(WS40),or-ganic fertilizer+rotary tillage 20 cm(YS20),straw stubble+rotary tillage 20 cm(WS20),organic fertilizer sur-face application+no tillage(YB);straw stubble+no-tillage(CK).The results showed that the treatment of ap-plying organic fertilizer after two consecutive growing seasons improved the soil fertility of the deep soil layer.In the 20～40 cm soil layer,the organic matter and total nitrogen of the YS20 treatment increased by 11.56 g·kg-1 and 0.57 g·kg-1respectively compared with the CK treatment.Compared with CK treatment,the organic matter and to-tal nitrogen of YS40 treatment in the 40～60 cm soil layer increased by 2.83 g·kg-1 and 0.28 g·kg-1 respectively.In terms of soil structure,the bulk density of YB treatment in the 0～20 cm soil layer was 17.5％lower than that of CK,and the water content was increased by 35.5％.The bulk density of YS40 treatment in the 40～60 cm soil layer was 5.3％lower than that of CK,and the water content was increased by 38.4％.Organic fertilizer and conservation tillage treatments increased leaf area index,chlorophyll content,and dry matter accumulation at different growth stages of maize,thus significantly increasing maize yield.In the second year,YS40,YS20,and YB treatments in-creased yield by 14.5％,18.5％,and 11.4％respectively compared with CK treatment.Compared with CK treat-ment,the income difference in YB treatment in 2021 and YS20 treatment in 2022 increased the most,with an in-crease of 5 770 CNY·hm-2 and 5 223 CNY·hm-2,respectively.In summary,the implementation of organic fer-tilizer returning+conservation tillage in thin black soil in western Heilongjiang Province was an effective measure to improve soil organic matter,organic carbon storage,total nitrogen,total nitrogen storage,maize yield and economic benefits.
cool area black soilorganic fertilizer deep application and looseningcorn yieldeconomic bene-fitssoil fertilization
万方数据
维普
