To explore molecular genetic mechanism of the erucic acid accumulation in winter rapeseed grains under drought conditions,F,,F2 and F2∶3 populations derived from 17NTS57(high erucic acid)× CY12PXW-6-1(low erucic acid)were used as materials to analyze the genetic localization of erucic acid in this study.The re-sults showed that a total of 7 QTLs for erucic acid content were detected using the F2∶3 population in two condi-tions,including 4 QTLs for erucic acid content in Tianshui condition and 3 QTLs for erucic acid content in Dingxi condition.Two main QTLs were detected in the Tianshui condition,namely qEATC08.2 and qEATC09,distributed on chromosomes C08 and C09,with a phenotypic contribution rate of over 20%.qEATA10(Tianshui)and qEADA10(Dingxi)were in the same interval of A10 chromosome,and their phenotypic contributions in both environments were 10.42%and 12.70%,respectively.qEATC09 and qEADC09 were located in the same interval of the C09 chromosome,with phenotypic contribution rates of 20.0%and 19.34%in the two conditions,respectively,making them the main QTLs for co-localization.Three QTLs(qEATC08.1(Tianshui),qEATC08.2(Tianshui),qEADC07(Dingxi))were de-tected only in one condition,among which two minor modification sites(qEATC08.1 and qEADC07)had a positive additive effect.The major QTLs of qEA.A10 and qEA.C09 mapping on chromosomes A10 and C09 can be used for mo-lecular marker-assisted selection for the improvement of erucic acid content in rapeseed under drought conditions.