Effects of organic fertilizer application and straw return on crop yield,quality,and fertilizer efficiency in summer maize-winter wheat double cropping system
To investigate the effects of organic fertilizer application and straw return on crop yield,quality,and fertilizer use efficiency in a dryland maize-winter wheat double cropping system,field experiments were con-ducted from 2015 to 2020 with four treatments of no fertilizer application and no straw return(CK),nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)fertilizer application and no crop straw return(NP),NP plus commercial organic fertilizer(NPO)and NP plus crop straw return(NPS).The experiments measured and analyzed crop yield,agronomic effi-ciency of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers,nutrient content in grains,protein content,and the content of protein components in winter wheat grains.The results indicate that:(1)Compared with NP and NPO treatments,the NPS treatment significantly increased the 5-year average maize yield by 21.33％and 20.77％,as well as the annual yield by 9.99％and 13.43％,respectively.However,there was no significant difference in wheat yield a-mong the three fertilizer treatments.(2)Both commercial organic fertilizer application and straw return significantly impacted the grain quality of summer maize and winter wheat.Compared with the NP treatment,the NPO treatment increased the content of various protein components in winter wheat grains by 5.69％～8.28％.The NPS treatment increased the nitrogen content,potassium content,and the content of various protein components in winter wheat grains by 4.68％,3.96％,and 7.75％～11.38％,respectively.Compared with the NPO treatment,the NPS treat-ment significantly increased the potassium content,gliadin content,storage protein content,and gluten/gliadin ratio in winter wheat grains by 14.41％,9.86％,5.39％,and 9.65％,respectively,and the protein content,pro-tein yield,grain nitrogen content,grain phosphorus content,and annual protein yield in summer maize grains by 6.45％,28.89％,6.40％,23.08％,and 10.43％,respectively.(3)Compared with NP and NPO treatments,the NPS treatment increased the agronomic efficiency for nitrogen fertilizer of summer maize by 118.35％and 113.25％,respectively,as well as the annual agronomic efficiency for nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers by 42.83％and 64.36％,42.86％and 64.27％,respectively.However,there was no significant difference in the 5-year average agronomic efficiency for nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers of winter wheat among the three fertilizer treatments.In summary,both commercial organic fertilizer application and straw return improved the protein component character-istics in winter wheat grains.Straw return also increased the K content in summer maize grains,as well as the pro-tein content and protein yield in winter wheat grains.Straw return was more beneficial than the commercial organic fertilizer application in improving crop yield,quality,and efficiency in dryland maize-wheat double cropping areas.Therefore,applying nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers with straw return(NPS)should be more suitable for promo-tion in dryland maize-wheat double cropping areas.
万方数据
维普
