Effects of warming and its countermeasures on wheat photosynthetic characteristics and enzyme activities
From 2022 to 2023,a field experiment was conducted during the wheat growth season at the Agri-cultural Meteorological Experiment Station of Nanjing University of Information Technology.The local conventional farming method was used as the control ( CK),and three measures were set to deal with warming.The measures in-cluded choosing high-temperature resistant variety (CV,'Huaimai 33'),adding biochar (BC,20 t·hm-2),and applying nitrogen fertilizer ( NF,increasing the total nitrogen application by 50 kg·hm-2 ) .An open warming system was used to increase the temperature of the entire wheat growth period by 1.5℃.The flag leaf area,chloro-phyll content,photosynthetic characteristics,enzyme activity,biomass,and yield indicators of wheat were measured under different countermeasures.The results indicated that warming throughout the whole growth period increased the content of malondialdehyde ( MDA) in wheat flag leaves and the activities of peroxidase ( POD) and catalase ( CAT) .However,there were differences in the effects of warming on wheat flag leaf area,SPAD value,photosynthetic characteristics,and superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity during the growth period.Under warming conditions,the MDA content,POD and CAT activities in wheat treated with biochar and increased nitrogen fertilizer application during the booting stage decreased by 12.50% and 21.22%,15.65% and 12.91%,19.75% and 14.33%,respectively,the SOD activity increased by 455.75% and 395.58% respectively.The SOD activity of wheat during the flowering period decreased by 9.89% and 31.89%,CAT activity increased by 20.94% and 17.12%,and the fi-nal yield significantly increased by 50.29% and 23.45%,respectively.There were no significant changes in flag leaf area,SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate,and yield of wheat treated with different varieties.Therefore,adding biochar and applying nitrogen fertilizer may be more effective measures to cope with future warming scenarios.
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