摘要
于2023年3月在阿克苏地区骏枣园开展大田试验,设置生物炭施加水平分别为0(CK)、5(J1)、10(J2)、20(J3)、30(J4)t·hm-2,探究生物炭对盐碱化土壤理化性质、酶活性和细菌多样性的影响.结果表明:相较于CK,J1～J4处理土壤容重降低2.10%～22.38%,土壤pH值升高0.36%～1.32%,阳离子交换量提高6.83%～18.39%,有机质含量增加16.46%～38.12%.J1～J4处理较CK土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性分别提升6.67%～28.00%、2.94%～45.52%和2.83%～30.29%,蔗糖酶活性变化幅度为-0.42%～27.24%;随着生物炭施用量的增加,4种酶的活性均呈先升高后下降的趋势.与CK相比,J1～J4处理Chao1指数和Shannon指数分别提高7.2%～13.5%和0.15%～0.96%;门水平上排名前10的细菌相对丰度下降4.87%～9.68%.相关性分析显示,土壤酶活性与土壤理化性质及土壤微生物特性存在相关关系,其中酶活性与阳离子交换量呈显著正相关关系,蔗糖酶活性与有机质含量呈极显著正相关关系;Chao1指数(细菌Alpha多样性指数)与过氧化氢酶活性呈显著正相关关系,NMDS1指数(细菌Beta多样性指数)与碱性磷酸酶活性呈极显著正相关关系.综上可知,10 t·hm-2的生物炭施加量是改善新疆阿克苏骏枣园土壤理化性质、酶活性和细菌多样性的最优方案.
Abstract
In March 2023,a field experiment was conducted in a jujube orchard in the Aksu region to investi-gate the effects of biochar on the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and bacterial diversity of saline-al-kali soils.Biochar application levels were set at 0 ( CK),5 ( J1),10 ( J2),20 ( J3),and 30 ( J4) t·hm-2 .The results indicated that,compared to CK,the soil bulk density in the J1～J4 treatments decreased by 2.10% to 22.38%,soil pH increased by 0.36% to 1.32%,cation exchange capacity ( CEC) increased by 6.83% to 18.39%,and organic matter content increased by 16.46% to 38.12%.Compared to CK,the activities of soil catalase,ure-ase,and alkaline phosphatase in the J1～J4 treatments increased by 6.67% to 28.00%,2.94% to 45.52%,and 2.83% to 30.29% respectively,while sucrase activity varied from-0.42% to 27.24%.The activities of these four enzymes showed a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing with the increasing amount of biochar application.Compared to CK,the Chao1 index and Shannon index in the J1～J4 treatments increased by 7.2% to 13.5% and 0.15% to 0.96% respectively,while the relative abundance of the top 10 bacterial phyla decreased by 4.87% to 9.68%.Correlation analysis revealed relationships between soil enzyme activities and soil physicochemical properties and microbial characteristics.Enzyme activities were significantly positively correlated with CEC,and su-crase activity was extremely significantly positively correlated with organic matter content.The Chao1 index ( bacte-rial alpha diversity index) was significantly positively correlated with catalase activity,while the NMDS1 index ( bacterial beta diversity index) was extremely significantly positively correlated with alkaline phosphatase activity.In summary,an application rate of 10 t·hm-2 of biochar is the optimal scheme for improving the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and bacterial diversity of soils in the jujube orchards of the Aksu region in Xinjiang.
基金项目
2022年度中央引导地方科技发展专项(ZYYD2022B15)
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A02002-1)
新疆红枣产业技术体系建设专项(XJCYTX-01-03-2021)
维普
万方数据