Effectively recognizing the evolution characteristics and driving factors of the urban spatial structure is an important way to optimize and improve the urban spatial structure,which is of great significance to promote the high-quality urban development.Taking the six districts of Xi'an as the research area,using the POI data of 2011,2016 and 2021,the evolution characteristics and driving factors were analyzed by using spatial analysis,geographical detector and geographical weighted regression.The results show that the overall spatial structure of six districts of Xi'an is characterized by"multi-core",showing the radial development pattern of"surface spread+multi-point radiation".There are obvious differences among different functional types in development status,spatial concentration and distribution characteristics.The center of development moves northward,but the internal concentration is still strong.The formation of multi-center spatial structure in Xi'an is influenced by multiple factors such as natural history,economic society,traffic and policy.The research results can not only help local government to optimize the urban spatial development pattern,but also provide reference for the development of other urban regions under the background of China's economic and social transformation.