Effects of volume and friction coefficient on the movement and deposition of rock avalanche
The rock avalanche has become a hot topic in the field of geological hazards due to its unique motion and deposition characteristics.The volume and friction coefficient are important factors that influence the motion characteristics,morphology of the deposit,and surface morphology structure of the rock avalanche.In this study,physical model experiments with different volumes and friction coefficients were conducted by using a 3D scanner.It was found that the range of motion,displacement,and velocity of the debris flow increased with the increase of volume and decreased with the increase of friction coefficient.Moreover,large-volume debris flows exhibited a constant velocity during the deceleration phase.The morphology of the deposit changed from a fan-shaped form on low-friction sliding surfaces to a fan-shaped form on high-friction sliding surfaces as the volume increased.In addition,finger-like phenomena appeared at the edges of the deposit.Furthermore,the causes of the morphology of the deposit were summarized.Transverse ridges,arch-shaped upheavals,and undulating ridges were formed under compression,while X-shaped conjugate troughs and feather-shaped fractures were formed under differential diffusion.
rock avalanchevolumefriction coefficientkinetic parametersdeposit morphologymorphology structure
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