How does the vulnerability of grain production impact the income of grain growers?
Ensuring the stable income for grain growers holds crucial theoretical and practical implications for upholding national food security.This paper adopts a micro perspective,draws upon the World Bank's vulnerability definition and pertinent research to construct a framework for assessing vulnerability in grain production.By employing the input-output equation,it quantifies the vulnerability of grain production.Through empirical analysis conducted in the primary grain-producing regions of the Huang-Huai-Hai area,this research delves into the impact and mechanisms of grain production vulnerability on the income of grain growers,explores the variations in the impact of grain production vulnerability on income across diverse grain grower groups.The findings reveal:Firstly,there are a pronounced negative impact of grain production vulnera-bility on the income of grain growers.Secondly,the land transfer behavior and extreme temperature fluctuations serve as mechanisms through which grain production vulnerability influences income.Thirdly,there are discerni-ble differences in the effects of grain production vulnerability on income among various grain grower groups.In conclusion,actionable recommendations are presented,emphasizing the necessity to prioritize agricultural pro-duction activities for vulnerable groups,guide diverse farmers in judiciously transitioning agricultural production methodologies,and underscore strategies to mitigate the detrimental impacts of extreme weather and other natural risks on agricultural production.
grain production vulnerabilityagricultural household incomeland transferextreme temperaturesage