摘要
大豆玉米带状复合种植是在保障玉米产量基础上增加大豆产量的有效途径,对于缓解中国大豆玉米争地矛盾、实现"稳粮扩油"战略目标至关重要.文中利用黄淮海地区农户样本基于生产环节的四次跟踪调查数据,分析了 2022年大豆玉米带状复合种植的生产实效、影响因素与困难挑战.研究发现:1)在大豆玉米带状复合种植全面推广的第一年,整体上能够实现"玉米基本不减产、多收一季豆"的政策目标,但部分复合种植户的大豆或玉米单产相较单作种植存在不同程度降低.2)在关键生产环节中,抗倒伏和抗除草剂品种性状、使用复合播种机、玉米种植密度达标、大豆种植密度达标、排水系统完善是影响玉米单产的核心因素;耐荫品种性状、使用复合播种机、大豆种植密度达标、种肥同施、出苗后除草是影响大豆单产的核心因素.3)复合种植户面临的主要困难挑战是苗后除草困难、人工成本过大、缺少专用机械和播种麻烦.据此,提出强化示范带动、开展科研攻关、加强政策扶持等政策建议.
Abstract
Maize-soybean strip intercropping is an effective approach to increase soybean production on the basis of ensuring maize yield,which is crucial for alleviating the issue of land competition between maize and soybean,and achieving the strategic goal of"stable grain and expanded oil"in China.This study utilizes data from four rounds of tracking surveys at the production level,involving farmers in the Huang-Huai-Hai region.It analyzes the production efficiency,influencing factors,and challenges to the maize-soybean strip intercropping in 2022.The research reveals that in the first year of the comprehensive promotion of maize-soybean strip intercropping,the policy goal of"minimal reduction in corn yield"and"an additional season of bean harvest"was achieved on the whole,but some intercropping farmers experience varying degrees of reduced yields in either soybean or maize.In the key production stages of intercropping,the core factors affecting maize yield include the traits of resistance to lodging and herbicide,the use of intercropping seeding machines,meeting standard of maize planting density,meeting standard of soybean planting density,and having an adequate drainage system.The core factors affecting soybean yield are traits with shade tolerance,use of inter-cropping seeding machines,meeting standard of soybean planting density,applying fertilizer at planting,and post-emergence weed control.The primary challenges faced by farmers include difficulties in post-emergence weed control,excessive labor costs,the lack of specialized machinery,and planting complexities.Based on this,we put forward some policy suggestions such as strengthening demonstration,carrying out scientific re-search and strengthening policy support.
基金项目
国家社科基金重大项目(21ZDA059)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(71773137)
国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFC3305104)
四川省社科基金青年项目(SCJJ23ND486)
万方数据