Differentiated improvement of livelihood resilience of farmers and herdsmen in the agricultural-pastoral ecotone:A case of Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County,China
In the study,309 farmers and herdsmen in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous Countya typical agro-pastoral ecotone,were surveyed,and a framework including three dimensions(buffering capacity,self-organising capacity,and learning capacity)for analyzing the resilience of farmers and herdsmen's livelihoods was constructed.Composite Index of Livelihood Resilience(CILR)method and analysis of variance(ANOVA)were used to comparatively analyze the differences and the sources of the differences in livelihood resilience of farmers and herdsmen with different livelihood strategies.The findings are as follows:1)There are four types of livelihood strategies in this region:pure stock raising,semi-farming and semi-stock raising,farming-working engage in industrial work,and non-agricultural,in which the pure stock raising,and semi-farming and semi-stock raising are the main types.2)The average value of the livelihood resilience index for farmers and herders is 0.3689,which is low overall.The level of livelihood resilience of the four livelihood types from high to low are non-agricultural type(0.4974)＞farming-working engage in industrial work(0.3688)＞semi-farming and semi-stock raising(0.3292)＞pure stock raising(0.3203),with significant differences.3)The constraints on increasing the livelihood resilience of farmers and herdsmen are different.Specifically,the core constraints for the pure stock raising type are the weak human capital and singulation of livelihood.The type of semi-farming and semi-stock raising is mainly limited by insufficient investment in family education and weak access to information.The main constraints for the types of farming-working engage in industrial work and non-agricultural are the insufficient financial subsidies and low social participation.Accordingly,for the pure stock raising,it is proposed that human capital should be strengthened,and farmers and herdsmen should be guided to participate in emerging industries such as grassland eco-tourism and e-commerce of speciality livestock products to diversify their livelihoods.For the semi-farming and semi-stock raising,the capital investment in education should be increased,and information services such as job skills training and job recommendation should be provided.For the types of semi-farming and semi-stock raising,and non-agricultural,the necessary policy support and special subsidies should be provided,diversified financing channels be established,the organization degree of farmers and herdsmen and their sense of self-improvement be enhanced,to fully exploit their entrepreneurial potential.
agro-pastoral ecotonelivelihood resilience of farmers and herdsmenlivelihood strategiesTianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County
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