文物古迹是北京历史文化的"金名片",全面掌握区域文物古迹时空分布特征与规律,是推动其系统保护的基础和前提.对此,基于北京市全国第三次文物普查和北京市文物局统计数据,利用图示分析法和地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS),重点探究了区域文物古迹的空间、类型和年代分布特征与规律,以期为其保护利用提供参考借鉴.研究表明:北京文物古迹空间分布规律,中心城区文物古迹密度最高;呈大聚集、成片区的格局,成片分布于山前平原、盆地和谷地等平坦地带,并明显聚集于三大文化带和几个典型区域.类型多样,涵盖文物古迹所有遗产形态,以古建筑数量最多,约占总量 41%;年代和空间分布根据文物类型而不同.年代跨度大、完整性和聚集性强,以明清两代数量最多,约占总量60%;随着年代变迁,类型由古遗址、古墓葬向古建筑和近现代文物转变,空间分布由周边山区向中心城区过渡.
The spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of cultural relics in Beijing
The cultural relic is the"golden card"of Beijing culture.A comprehensive exploration for the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and regularities of regional cultural relics is essential to their systematic protection and utilization.Therefore,characteristics and patterns of the regional cultural relics in spatial,typological and temporal distribution were explored via graphical analysis method and Geographic Information System(GIS)to provide guidance for their protection and utilization.All the data for analysis were collected from the third national cultural relics survey and Beijing Municipal Cultural Heritage Bureau.The results show that the spatial distribution of regional cultural relics is rich in regular,the density in core area is the highest.The cultural relics are highly clustered in patches which are distributed in flat areas such as piedmont plains,basins and valleys.Moreover the cultural relics are also clearly clustered in three major cultural belts and several typical regions.The types of regional cultural relics are diverse,covering all forms of heritages.Among these types,the number of ancient buildings is the largest,accounting for about 41%of the total,and the temporal and spatial distribution vary depending on the types of cultural relics.The cultural relics exhibit a vast chronological span,distinct integrity and strong aggregation,among which the number of cultural relics in Ming and Qing dynasties is the largest,accounting for about 60%of the total.With the time by,the types of cultural relics have evolved from ancient ruins and tombs to ancient buildings and modern cultural relics,the spatial distribution moving from surrounding mountainous area to the central urban area.
Beijingcultural relicsGISspace-time distributioncharacteristics and regularity
万方数据
维普
