儒家以孝治天下的可行性分析——以释奠与养老、耕藉礼为中心的考察
Feasibility Analysis of Confucian Rule of Filial Piety:An Investigation Centered on the Relationship between Memorial Service,Elderly Care,and Cultivation Rituals
蔡杰1
作者信息
- 1. 山东大学儒家文明省部共建协同创新中心;山东大学儒学高等研究院(济南250100)
- 折叠
摘要
天子以孝治天下,并不是到家家户户去宣讲孝道,而是通过礼乐的方式教化民众.但在成为合格天子的前提下,天子才有以孝治天下的可能,所以教养世子就具有重要意义.释奠和齿胄礼均是教养世子的重要礼仪,旨在教世子尊崇与传承圣人之道,掌握父子、君臣、长幼等人伦之理.这说明天子事父从兄的美德,在幼时就已养成.而天子事养"三老五更"的养老礼,则是从己身父兄向"三老五更"的孝悌推扩,旨在教化全天下人事父从兄、尊长敬老.耕藉礼也是天子以孝治天下的重要方式,天帝与天子类似于父子的关系,只有当天子正视其相对卑贱的身份并致孝天帝时,才能为诸侯乃至全天下人提供效法的榜样.儒家强调尊贵者德行的时间先在性,由此引导民众践行伦理美德,构建和谐有序的天下共同体.
Abstract
The emperor governs the world with filial piety,not by preaching filial piety to every household,but by educating the people through ritual and music.But only under the premise of becoming a qualified emperor can the emperor have the possibility of governing the world with filial piety,so educating the crown prince is of great significance."shi dian"ritual and"chi zhou"ritual are important rituals for raising the Crown Prince,aimed at teaching him to respect and inherit the way of sages,and to master the principles of father and son,monarch and subject,and elders and young children.This indicates that the virtue of the emperor serving his father and brother has been cultivated since childhood.The"yanglao"ritual of"san lao wu geng",adopted by the emperor is an extension of filial piety from one's own father and brother to"san lao wu geng",aimed at educating people all over the world to respect the elderly.The"geng jie"ritual is also an important way for the emperor to govern the world with filial piety.The relationship between the Heavenly Emperor and the Heavenly Son is similar to that of a father and son.Only when the Heavenly Son faces his relatively humble identity and shows filial piety to the Heavenly Emperor can he provide an example for the feudal lords and even the whole world to follow.Confucianism emphasizes the temporal priority of noble virtues,guiding the people to practice ethical virtues and build a harmonious and orderly world community.
关键词
释奠/养老/耕藉/孝悌/人伦/美德Key words
shi dian ritual/yanglao ritual/gengjie ritual/filial piety/human ethics/virtue引用本文复制引用
基金项目
山东省社会科学规划研究项目(22CWTJ73)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据