Objective To explore the clinicopathological characteristics of multiple primary malignant tumors(MPMT).Method A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinicopathological data of MPMT patients who visited Xijing Hospital,Air Force Military Medical University from January 2021 to July 2023.Results Among the 114 patients,there were 42(36.8%)cases with synchronous MPMT and 72(63.2%)cases with metachronous MPMT;there were 58 males(50.9%)and 56 females(49.1%);there were 101 cases with dual primary malignant tumors(88.6%),10 cases with triple primary malignant tumors(8.8%),and 3 cases with quadruple primary malignant tumors(2.6%).The median age was 54(10,78)years old at diagnosis with the first primary malignant tumor.We found that the top three types of the first primary malignant tumor were malignant tumors of digestive tract[39.5%(45/114)],head and neck[15.8%(18/114)],and female reproductive system[14.9%(17/114)];the top three types of the second primary malignant tumor were malignant tumors of digestive tract[36.0%(41/114)],malignant tumors of respiratory system[22.8%(26/114)],and hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignant tumors[17.5%(20/114)].Eighty-eight patients(77.2%)received surgery,44 patients(38.6%)received chemotherapy,and 18 patients(15.8%)received radiotherapy for the first primary malignant tumor,respectively.Conclusions Through clinical feature analysis,we aim to improve our understanding of MPMT.In this paper,the incidence of MPMT in digestive tract is high,and clinical differentiation should be noted.