Correlations between macular sensitivity and fixation stability in anisometropic amblyopia children and best corrected visual acuity
Objective To explore the correlations between macular sensitivity,fixation stability,and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)in children with anisometropic amblyopia.Methods A total of 184 children with anisometropic amblyopia who were treated in Huangdao District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2022 to February 2023 were selected,including 184 amblyopic eyes and 184 contralateral eyes,as the research subjects.Among them,there were 94 boys and 90 girls,aged 4-12(8.10±1.72)years.The BCVA,macular sensitivity,and fixation stability parameters,as well as differences in the thickness of the nerve fiber layer around the optic disc and the thickness of the macular area were measured for the amblyopic and contralateral eyes.The light sensitivity and fixation stability parameters in the macular area of the amblyopia and contralateral eyes were compared by rank sum test,as well as the BCVA,the average light sensitivity within 10° of the macular area,and the percentage of fixation point within 2° diameter before and after treatment.The thickness of the nerve fiber layer around the optic disc and the thickness of the macular area in the amblyopic and contralateral eyes were compared by t test.The correlation was analyzed using Spearman rank correlation analysis.Results The BCVA of the amblyopic eyes was higher than that of the contralateral eyes[0.5(0.4,0.6)LogMAR vs.0.1(0,0.2)LogMAR],with a statistically significant difference(Z=-4.454,P＜0.05).The average light sensitivity within 10° of the macular area and the percentage of fixation point within 2° diameter of the amblyopic eyes were 25.40(23.10,28.00)dB and 49.98(42.30,61.10)％,respectively,which were lower than that of the contralateral eyes[28.40(26.10,29.60)dB and 70.40(58.29,77.50)％],with statistically significant differences(Z=-4.463 and-3.182,both P＜0.05).The parameters of light sensitivity and fixation stability in the macular area of amblyopia,the thickness of the nerve fiber layer around the optic disc,and the thickness of the macular area were not correlated with BCVA(all P＞0.05).The thickness of the lower macular area was positively correlated with the thickness of the nerve fiber layer around the lower optic disc(r=0.443,P＜0.05),and the thickness of the nasal macular area was positively correlated with the thickness of the nerve fiber layer around the nasal optic disc(r=0.401,P＜0.05).After treatment,the BCVA,the average light sensitivity within 10° of the macular area,and the percentage of fixation point within 2° diameter of the amblyopic eyes were 0.3(0.1,0.5)LogMAR,27.65(25.51,28.93)dB,and 62.50(51.54,70.02)％,respectively,which were better than those before treatment[0.5(0.4,0.6)LogMAR,25.40(23.10,28.00)dB,and 49.98(42.30,61.10)％],with statistically significant differences(Z=-2.932,-3.332,and-2.993,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Children with anisometropic amblyopia have a decrease in macular sensitivity and fixation stability within the 2° range,there is a correlation between the thickness of the macular area and the thickness of the nerve fiber layer around the optic disc,which deserves further research.
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