Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a complex disease and is often asymptomatic in the early stages,and can lead to renal dysfunction and progression to end-stage renal disease(ESRD)with a variety of complications,such as cardiovascular disease(CVD)and other complications.Current susceptibility factors for CKD include sex hormones,thyroid hormones,and familial genetic factors,etc.Risk factors for the disease onset and progression include glomerulonephritis,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,proteinuria,hyperlipidemia,and accumulation of urinary toxins.Current CKD treatments aims at slowing the progression of CKD and preventing cardiovascular diseases,so new treatments need to be developed to stop disease progression.This article reviews the risk factors of the progression of CKD and strategies for slowing its progression.
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