Molecular mechanism of regulation of insulin secretion
Insulin is secreted by pancreatic β cells,and is the key active molecule in the body to regulate metabolism.Insulin biosynthesis is regulated at the transcriptional and translational levels.The cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors included paired box 6(PAX6),pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1(PDX-1),V-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A(MafA),and B-2/neural differentiation factor 1,and they involve in insulin biosynthesis.Insulin secretion involves the formation,transport,and fusion of insulin secretory vesicles.Insulin is not only controlled by blood sugar,but also affected by free fatty acid and amino acid.In addition,different hormones can also affect insulin secretion,such as melatonin,estrogen,leptin,growth hormone,and glucagon-like peptide-1.This review focuses on the molecular mechanism of insulin synthesis and secretion,in order to understand the pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and the occurrence of diabetes mellitus.
万方数据
维普
