Evaluation of main agronomic characters of 50 winter wheat varieties based on principal component and cluster analysis
[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the correlations between agronomic traits of win-ter wheat and explore theirs effect of agronomic traits on winter wheat yield in order to create and screen high-yield winter wheat varieties.[Method]The study focused on 50 winter wheat varieties,analyzing 15 agronomic traits through genetic variation analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis,and cluster analysis.[Result]The results revealed differences in the agronomic traits among the tested varieties.Apart from a growth period variation coefficient of 0.71%,the other agronomic traits displayed relatively large variation coefficients ranging from 7.46%to 51.68%.Grain yield exhibited a significantly positive correlation with grain weight per spike(0.935**),1 000 grain weight(0.740**),and kernel number per spike(0.616**).It also showed a significant positive correlation with spikelet per spike(0.289*),while its correlations with other agronomic traits were not significant.Principal component analysis indicated that spikelet per spike,kernel number per spike,the numbers of spikelet grain per spike,grain weight per spike,and 1 000 grain weight had a positive effect on improving winter wheat yield.On the other hand,plant height and sterile spikelets had a negative effect.Among the 27 tested varieties,15 agronomic traits per-formed well.Cluster analysis divided the 50 winter wheat test varieties into three groups:multi-grain high-yield type,multi-grain middle-yield type,and few-grain low-yield type,each exhibiting distinctive charac-teristics.[Conclusion]The 50 winter wheat test varieties demonstrated rich diversity in 15 agronomic traits.Based on comprehensive evaluation,21 winter wheat varieties with excellent overall performance were selected,indicating their potential for high yield.These findings provide valuable parental resources and theoretical references for winter wheat hybrid breeding.Among the selected varieties,142-3-3-1(D38),141-1-8-1(D35),and 2012Y-01-6-1(D43)exhibited superior comprehensive performance and higher yield compared to the control variety,Longmai 844.
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