Effect of organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer on dry matter accumulation,distribution and yield of potato
[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the effects of fertilizer application and different amounts of organic fertilizer on the growth,development,yield,and benefit of potatoes under crop rotation conditions in the eastern agricultural region of Qinghai Province.The goal was to determine the optimal amount of organic fertilizer application in the region and provide a theoretical basis for increasing local po-tato yield and efficiency.[Method]A continuous positioning experiment was conducted in Ledu District,Haidong City,Qinghai,with seven treatments including no fertilizer application(CK),conventional fertilizer application by farmers(OPT),and organic fertilizer application at different rates:8 995.50 kg/hm2(T1),7 496.25 kg/hm2(T2),5 997.00 kg/hm2(T3),4 497.75 kg/hm2(T4)and 2 998.50 kg/hm2(T5).The effects of these fertilization treatments on agronomic traits(plant height,dry matter content,and distribution)and eco-nomic traits(yield,processing commercial rate)of potatoes were investigated.[Result]The organic fertil-izer treatments T2 and T4 significantly increased plant height,followed by the chemical fertilizer treatment OPT.The delayed effect of different treatments on the equilibrium of potato root+stem+leaf and tuber dry weight was ranked as follows:T4>T3>T1>T5>CK>T2>OPT.From the bud stage to the harvest stage,the proportion of dry matter accounted for by potato roots,stems,and leaves gradually decreased,while the proportion accounted for by tubers increased.However,within the same reproductive period,as the amount of organic fertilizer decreased,the proportion of dry matter accounted for by stems tended to increase,while the proportion accounted for by leaves tended to decrease.The highest total yield per hectare was achieved with the T3 treatment,followed by the T2 treatment,which were significantly higher than CK and OPT.A comprehensive analysis of the effects of different fertilizer treatments on agronomic and economic traits of potatoes concluded that in the agricultural area of potatoes in Ledu,Haidong,the optimal range of organic fertilizer application for ensuring high yields was 4 497.75 kg/hm2 to 7 496.25 kg/hm2,and the optimal range for ensuring higher processing commercial rates was 7 496.25 kg/hm2 to 8 995.50 kg/hm2.[Conclusion]Continuous application of organic fertilizer can significantly increase potato yield and achieve the goal of increasing yield,income,and efficiency.
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