[Objective]The aim of this experiment was to investigate the differences in transcript expres-sion in subcutaneous fat of yaks under natural grazing and winter housing conditions.[Method]Nine 18-month-old yaks with similar body weight and non-significant differences in back subcutaneous fat were ran-domly divided into three groups,and the control group(G18)was slaughtered at the beginning of the experi-ment(October),the test group 1(G24)continued to graze for 6 months,and the test group 2(F24)was housed for 6 months,three groups of back subcutaneous fat were collected for transcriptome sequencing,dif-ferentially expressed gene screening and enrichment analysis.[Result]Nine cDNA libraries were obtained,and differential expression analysis showed that 160 up-regulated genes and 249 down-regulated genes were detected in G18vsF24,of which 309 differential genes were enriched in 262 pathways,mainly PPAR signaling pathway,glycerol ester metabolism,AMPK signaling pathway,etc.;615 up-regulated genes and 361 down-regulated genes were detected in G18vsG24 361 down-regulated genes were detected in G18 vs.G24,of which 735 differential genes were enriched into 317 pathways,cytokine-cytokine receptor interac-tion,unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis,etc.;161 up-regulated genes and 91 down-regulated genes were detected in F24 vs.G24,of which 188 differential genes were enriched in 249 pathways,chemokine signal-ing pathway,cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction,and glycine,serine and threonine metabolism,among others.[Conclusion]The results reveal the differences in gene differential expression and enrichment path-way information in different feeding regimes,and the results provide a reference for further in-depth investi-gation into the molecular regulation of subcutaneous fat in yaks and the study of fat deposition in yaks.
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