摘要
为了探讨有机肥与化肥配施对白凤桃桃园土壤性状及桃树生长的影响,构建桃园土壤良好生态系统,设置了有机肥不同比例(25%、50%、75%、100%)替代化肥试验,以单施化肥为对照(N 450 kg/hm2、P2O5 300 kg/hm2、K2O 450 kg/hm2),研究了有机肥替代化肥处理对土壤养分含量及葡萄的产量和品质的影响.结果表明,有机肥与化肥配施均可提高土壤有机质含量、增加白凤桃产量和经济效益,其中有机肥替代 50%、75%化肥的处理效果好,与对照单施施肥相比,白凤桃平均单果重分别增加 11.33、8.22 g、果实硬度分别增加 0.67、0.61 kg/cm2、优质果率提高 11.0、12.2 个百分点、可溶性固形物含量分别提高 31、36 g/kg,桃园土壤有机质含量分别提高 4.39、5.34 g/kg,产量分别提高 3 642.8、3 612.0 kg/hm2,种植收益分别增加 63 879.4、532 11.0 元/hm2.可见有机肥替代 50%、75%化肥的处理实现了白凤桃的种植收益最大化,在有效养地的前提下建议推广.
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of the combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on the soil properties and the growth of'Baifeng'peach trees,so as to construct a good ecological system for peach orchard soil,experiments were set up to replace chemical fertilizers with different proportions of organic fertilizers(25%,50%,75%,100%).A chemical fertilizer treatment(N 450 kg/ha,P2O5 300 kg/ha,K2O 450 kg/ha)was used as a control to study the effects of partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer on soil nutrient content,yield,and quality of'Baifeng'peaches.The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization,organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer could increase soil organic matter content,yield and income return in peach production.The optimal results were observed with 50%and 75%organic fertilizer replacement treatments,compared with conventional fertilization,the average fruit weight increased by 11.33 g and 8.22 g,fruit hardness increased by 0.67 kg/cm2 and 0.61 kg/cm2,the rate of high-quality fruits increased by 11.0 and 12.2 percentage points,soluble solids content increased by 31 g/kg and 36 g/kg,soil organic matter content in the peach orchard increased by 4.39 g/kg and 5.34 g/kg,yield increased by 3 642.8 kg/ha and 3 612.0 kg/ha,and planting income increased by 63 879.4 Yuan/ha and 53 211.0 Yuan/ha,respectively.It is suggested that the 50%and 75%organic fertilizer replacement treatments to be promoted to maximize the economic benefits of'Baifeng'peach cultivation while effectively maintaining soil health.
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