Breeding and Cultivation Techniques of New Mechanically Harvestable Maize Variety Longdan 639 with High Yield and High Resistance
Cultivating high-yield and stable grain varieties for direct harvesting is the basic guarantee for the mechanization development of maize industry.To address the issues of labor shortages,low mechanization levels in maize production,and a lack of varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvesting in Gansu in recent years,the maize genetics and breeding team from the Crop Research Institute of the Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences bred the new high-yield,highly resistant,mechanically harvestable maize variety Longdan 639.The breeding process involved germplasm resource improvement,doubled haploid(DH)induction,selection under multi-environment stress,and joint identification across multiple ecological zones.It was developed using theself-bred inbred line Z39-1 as the female parent and DH line DHZ62-53 as the male parent.In the 2020 to 2021 Gansu maize mechanized harvesting regional experiment,Longdan 639 had an average grain moisture content of 237.5 g/kg and an average damage rate of 4.0%across 10 harvest points.The average yield was 16 095.0 kg/ha,which represented a 5.9%increase compared to the control variety Xianyu 335.In the 2022 Gansu maize mechanized harvesting production experiment,the grain moisture content averaged at 209.0 g/kg,with a damage rate of 4.0%.The average yield was 15 012.0 kg/ha,an increase of 6.4%compared to Xianyu 335.Longdan 639 has an average growth period of 140 days,with a semi-compact plant type and a plant height of 290 cm.It has a cylindrical ear,semi-dent grain,an ear length of 19.6 cm,16 kernel rows,a red cob,and yellow kernels,with a 1000-kernel weight of 419 g.The variety exhibits high resistance to Fusarium stalk rot,moderate resistance to head smut and northern corn leaf blight,and susceptibility to Fusarium ear rot.The grain of Longdan 639 contains 87.10 g/kg of crude protein,369.0 g/kg of ether extract,766.70 g/kg of crude starch,and 2.97 g/kg of lysine,with a bulk density of 728 g/L.The variety also shows characteristics of high yield,stable yield,lodging resistance,and fast dehydration.After maturation,it can remain standing in the field for more than 20 days,exhibiting key traits for mechanical grain harvesting.It is suitable for machine harvesting in the mid-to late-maturing spring maize regions of Gansu Province.
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