With Wenshan-Jingxi Railway as a case for study,this paper reviewed the comprehensive technical challenges encountered in railway construction within complex geological areas.Wenshan-Jingxi Railway spans across the southeastern Yunnan and western Guangxi,which is known as one of the most concentrated areas of karst landforms in China.Given the project's distinct natural characteristics,it poses heightened requirements for specific design work and ultimate investment control.The study encompassed multiple aspects including route selection,gradient adaptability,bridge,tunnel,and railway engineering design,as well as the rationality of investment.The study outcomes offer theoretical knowledge and practical application references for future analogous infrastructure development projects.