摘要
目的 比较不同主产地栽培甘草皂苷类成分及多糖含量,并考察品质指标与土壤因子的相关性.方法 采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定栽培3年生甘草中甘草酸及甘草次酸含量,采用紫外分光光度法测定总皂苷及总多糖含量,采用重铬酸钾容量法、碱解滴定法、钼锑抗比色法、火焰光度法、原子吸收光度法等方法测定甘草根周围土壤因子.通过对甘草药材品质指标与土壤因子进行相关性分析、通径分析和多元回归分析,进而筛选影响甘草药材品质的主要土壤因子.结果 不同产地甘草中皂苷类(总皂苷、甘草酸及甘草次酸)及总多糖含量具有明显差异,药材品质呈现区域性;内蒙古和甘肃产甘草中总皂苷及总多糖含量较高,甘肃产甘草中甘草酸含量较高,内蒙古产甘草中甘草次酸含量较高.总皂苷的土壤决定因子为K全量及Ca全量,总多糖的土壤决定因子是蔗糖酶活性及K全量,甘草次酸的土壤决定因子为Cu全量及K全量,甘草酸的土壤决定因子为Cu全量、pH值、速效氮含量、K全量、Fe全量及速效磷含量.结论 土壤因子是影响甘草药材品质的重要因素,土壤K、Cu、Ca可能是影响甘草皂苷类成分的土壤主导因子.该研究可为甘草的合理栽培、科学施肥提供理论依据.
Abstract
Objective To compare the saponin components and polysaccharide content of cultivated Glycyrrhi-zae Radix et Rhizoma from different production areas,and to investigate the correlation between quality indicators and soil factors.Methods High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used to determine the content of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid in 3-year-old cultivated Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.UV spectrophotome-try was used to determine the content of total saponins and polysaccharides.Potassium dichromate volumetric method,alkaline hydrolysis titration method,molybdenum antimony antibody colorimetric method,flame photometry,atomic absorption spectrophotometry were used to determine the soil factors around Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma roots.By conducting correlation analysis,path analysis,and multiple regression analysis on the quality indicators of Glycyrrhi-zae Radix et Rhizoma and soil factors,the main soil factors affecting the quality can be screened.Results The con-tent of saponins(total saponins,glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid)and total polysaccharides in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma from different regions showed significant differences,and the quality of the medicinal materials showed regional characteristics;the content of total saponins and polysaccharides in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma produced in Inner Mongolia and Gansu is relatively high,while the content of glycyrrhizic acid in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma produced in Gansu is relatively high,and the content of glycyrrhetinic acid produced in Inner Mongolia is relatively high.The soil determining factors for total saponins are K total and Ca total,the soil determining factors for total polysaccharides are sucrase activity and K total,the soil determining factors for glycyrrhetinic acid are Cu total and K total,and the soil determining factors for glycyrrhizic acid are Cu total,pH,available nitrogen,K total,Fe total,and available phosphorus.Conclusion Soil factors are important factors affecting the quality of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma medicinal materials,and K,Cu,and Ca in the soil may be the dominant factors affecting the sapo-nin components of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.This study can provide theoretical basis for the rational cultivation and scientific fertilization of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.
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