Research progress of targeted extraction of vanadium by functional ionic liquids
The solvent extraction method is the most commonly used technique for the separation and enrichment of vanadium.However,traditional industrial vanadium extraction methods encounter issues such as unsatisfactory extraction efficiency,poor selectivity,and environmental and safety concerns.Ionic liquids possess many advantages,including a wide liquid range,low vapor pressure,non-volatil-ity,tunable physical and chemical properties,ease of functional design,a wide electrochemical window,good conductivity,and high thermal stability,enabling targeted and efficient extraction of vanadium.This review summarizes the research progress on the extraction and recovery of vanadium using ionic liquids,with a focus on the physical and chemical properties,synthesis methods,and extraction mechan-isms of imidazolium and quaternary ammonium ionic liquids.The extraction mechanisms of vanadium mainly include anion exchange and neutral complexation,which optimize the extraction efficiency and selectivity of vanadium through the unique properties of different ionic liquids.By analyzing the mech-anisms of ionic liquids in the vanadium extraction process and revealing application cases,this review aims to provide references for research and applications in the field of vanadium extraction.Addition-ally,it highlights the challenges faced by ionic liquid extractants in terms of cost and large-scale applic-ation,indicating that further research and development are needed.
vanadium extractionsolvent extractionimidazolium ionic liquidsquaternary ammonium salt ionic liquids
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