Green Camps and Native Chieftain:Green Camp Soldiering System and Border Governance in Pu'er in the Mid-Qing Period
As the Qing Dynasty adjusted its defense pattern of the southwest border,that is,promoting the green camp soldiering system in borderland under the governance of native chieftain system,it faced constraints in the aspects of recruiting and supplementing soldiers as well as supplying rice for soldiers because of the local socio-economic environment,labor levy and taxation policy.To make sure that the green camp system would work well in Pu'er,the Qing Dynasty,on the one hand,transferred part of soldiers from inland camps respectively to the Pu'er to make up for the lack of soldiers;on the other hand,changed the way of supplying soldiering rice,from converting into silver(Zhe Yin)to products(Ben Se),that is,the local officials would purchase then distribute the needed grain and rice,or give from local reserve,and hired local people to carry.With this management strategy,the local green camp officers and soldiers were more and more powerful,while the power of native chieftain and local headman gradually declined.The impact of this change on the order of the borderland is multi-faceted and complex.In addition to providing military support for the joint governance of native officers and officials assigned by the government,the green camps,lacking effective management and supervision,also caused a certain impact on the order of borderland,leading to local turmoil.
万方数据
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