Epidemiological characteristics of population exposed to rabies in Beijing,2017-2021
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the population with rabies exposure in Beijing so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and management of rabies exposure and for the prevention and control of rabies.Methods The information of injury,including exposure level,injury site and species of attacking animals,and information of management,including rabies vaccine inoculation and passive immunization agent against rabies,were collected from the patients in rabies prevention and management clinics in Beijing from 2017 to 2022.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the characteristics of the population with rabies exposures.Results From 2017 to 2021,there were 257 082 person-time of visits to the clinics in Beijing because of rabies exposure.The annual average number of visits because of rabies exposure accounted for 11.84‰ of entire population.The peak time of the visits were from May to September every year.The proportion of visits in Chaoyang,Haidian and Tongzhou was high,accounting for 41.63％of the city.The proportion of 15-29 years old group was the highest,accounting for 31.34％.The children of 14 years old and younger accounted for 17.40％and the students accounted for 16.58％.The sites of injury were mainly hands and the four extremities,accounting for 91.63％.For the level of exposure,the category Ⅲ exposure accounted for 37.29％.The rate of receiving passive immunization was 52.05％among people experiencing category Ⅲ exposure for the first time.The assessment standards of category Ⅲ injury and rate of using passive immunization varied significantly among districts.The attacking animals were mainly dogs and cats,accounting for 96.64％.The incidence of attacking multiple persons by one dog decreased.In such cases,stray dogs accounted for 73.08％and category Ⅲ injuries accounted for 72.87％and injuries on multiple sites or on head/face of children accounted for 31.43％.Conclusions The number of visit to the clinics in Beijing because of rabies exposures showed a trend of increasing in recent years but assessment of category Ⅲ injuries varied in districts.Standardization in exposure management protocol would be necessary.Health education for key regions and populations should be enhanced to increase the awareness of post-exposure visiting of the clinics.The proportions of stray dog attacking and category Ⅲ injury were high in cases of multiple persons injured by one dog and less reports of such cases indicated effective improvement in dog management in Beijing.Additional,the exposure prophylaxis against children needs to be improved.Though the events number of multi-victims by a single street dog bitten was decline,but the risk of multi-victims bitten was high and needs to be strictly post-exposure prophylaxis.
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