The small leucine-rich proteoglycans(SLRPs)are a family of small proteoglycans rich in leucine repeat sequences and are key components of the extracellular matrix,involved in regulating various physiological functions.SLRPs are classified into five categories,with the main members of class Ⅰ SLRPs,such as decorin and biglycan,and the main members of class Ⅱ SLRPs,such as lumican and fibromodulin,being particularly prominent in the placenta and uterus,playing significant role during pregnancy.These proteoglycans participate in maintaining the homeostatic balance of the extracellular matrix during pregnancy,mediate intercellular signal transduction,regulate the proliferation,migration and invasion capabilities of extravillous trophoblast cells,and influence the formation and function of placental blood vessels.They play a crucial role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the placenta and fetal membranes.Their abnormal expression or functional alterations may be closely related to the pathogenesis of various pregnancy-related diseases,such as preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction.This review discusses the mechanisms by which SLRPs influence placental development and pregnancy-related diseases,aiming to provide theoretical support for clinical prevention and treatment.
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