As the last line of defense to preserve natural teeth,endodontic microsurgery has attracted considerable inte-rest.The presence of blood affects the correct vision of the apical field and reduces sealing with a filling material,reduc-ing the success rate of microsurgery.Bleeding control throughout the operation is a key and difficult point in clinical opera-tion.This paper summarizes bleeding control before,during,and after microsurgery to provide a reference for clinicians.
万方数据
