Changes in neutralizing antibodies in patients with primary infection and secondary infection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant
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目的 探讨初次及二次感染SARS-CoV-2奥密克戎毒株感染者血清中和抗体（neutralizing antibodies, NAbs）水平变化。 方法 采取整群随机抽样方法，抽取山西医科大学第一医院2022年12月至2023年1月SARS-CoV-2核酸或抗原检测为阳性、临床分型为轻型及中型的122例医务人员为研究对象，观察血清NAbs水平变化并探讨NAbs与2023年5月是否二次感染的相关性。采用胶体金免疫层析法逐月检测其血清NAbs级别，由胶体金免疫层析分析仪转化为定量结果。 结果 122例患者初次感染SARS-CoV-2后NAbs均转为阳性，且NAbs水平于初次感染后2个月时浓度最高，后随感染时间的延长而降低；二次感染者58例（47.54%, 58/122），未感染者64例（52.46%, 64/122）。二次感染组二次感染前NAbs为3级和2级的人数分别为3例和24例，均少于未感染组，差异有统计学意义（χ2=8.26, P=0.015）；二次感染后NAbs为3级的人数为9例，多于未感染组，差异有统计学意义（χ2=8.23, P=0.017）。 结论 健康人群感染SARS-CoV-2后均可产生NAbs，其水平以感染后2个月较高，峰值持续1~2个月后逐渐降低。NAbs水平降至一定程度后可二次感染，二次感染后NAbs水平再次增高。推测高水平NAbs有一定的保护性，监测人群NAbs水平可预测SARS-CoV-2流行态势。 Objective To investigate the changes of serum neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) levels in patients with primary and secondary infection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to select 122 medical staff with positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid or antigen detection and clinical classification of mild and moderate in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from December 2022 to January 2023 as the research objects. The changes in serum NAbs levels were observed and the correlation between NAbs and secondary infection in May 2023 was discussed. The serum NAbs levels were detected monthly by colloidal gold immunochromatography, and the quantitative results were obtained by colloidal gold immunochromatography analyzer. Results The NAbs in 122 patients turned out to be positive after the primary infection of SARS-CoV-2, and the level of NAbs was the highest after 2 months of the primary infection, and then decreased over time. Among these patients, 58 cases (47.54%, 58/122) had secondary infections, while 64 cases (52.46%, 64/122) were not infected. The numbers of patients with NAbs of grade 3 and grade 2 before the secondary infection in the secondary infection group were 3 and 24 cases, respectively, which were lower than those in the non-infection group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=8.26, P=0.015). The number of patients with NAbs of grade 3 after the secondary infection was 9 cases, which was higher than that in the non-infection group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=8.23, P=0.017). Conclusions NAbs can be produced in healthy individuals after infection with SARS-CoV-2, and the level is the highest after 2 months of infection, with a peak lasting for 1-2 months before gradually decreasing. After the level of NAbs decreases to a certain level, it could lead to a secondary infection and the level of NAbs increases again. It is speculated that the high level of NAbs has a certain degree of protection. Monitoring the level of NAbs in the population can predict the epidemic trend of SARS-CoV-2.
Objective To investigate the changes of serum neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) levels in patients with primary and secondary infection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to select 122 medical staff with positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid or antigen detection and clinical classification of mild and moderate in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from December 2022 to January 2023 as the research objects. The changes in serum NAbs levels were observed and the correlation between NAbs and secondary infection in May 2023 was discussed. The serum NAbs levels were detected monthly by colloidal gold immunochromatography, and the quantitative results were obtained by colloidal gold immunochromatography analyzer. Results The NAbs in 122 patients turned out to be positive after the primary infection of SARS-CoV-2, and the level of NAbs was the highest after 2 months of the primary infection, and then decreased over time. Among these patients, 58 cases (47.54%, 58/122) had secondary infections, while 64 cases (52.46%, 64/122) were not infected. The numbers of patients with NAbs of grade 3 and grade 2 before the secondary infection in the secondary infection group were 3 and 24 cases, respectively, which were lower than those in the non-infection group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=8.26, P=0.015). The number of patients with NAbs of grade 3 after the secondary infection was 9 cases, which was higher than that in the non-infection group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=8.23, P=0.017). Conclusions NAbs can be produced in healthy individuals after infection with SARS-CoV-2, and the level is the highest after 2 months of infection, with a peak lasting for 1-2 months before gradually decreasing. After the level of NAbs decreases to a certain level, it could lead to a secondary infection and the level of NAbs increases again. It is speculated that the high level of NAbs has a certain degree of protection. Monitoring the level of NAbs in the population can predict the epidemic trend of SARS-CoV-2.
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