Tuberculosis is one of the most common opportunistic infections in AIDS patients.Following the initiation of antiretroviral therapy(ART),HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infected patients may experience tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome(TB-IRIS),leading to disease exacerbation,recurrent hospitalizations,and even death.Although extensive research has been conducted on the pathogenesis of TB-IRIS,the underlying immunological mechanisms and associated predictive factors remain unclear.This review aims to summarize the current epidemiology,high-risk factors,predictive factors,and immunological mechanisms of TB-IRIS,in order to enhance the understanding.
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