Prospective memory impairment based on events and time in hemodialysis patients
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of event and time-based pro-spective memory(PM)impairment in hemodialysis(HD)patients.Methods A total of 98 patients with regular HD into our hospital from April 2019 to April 2021 were prospectively included as the ob-servation group,and 80 healthy subjects matched with age and sex were selected as the control group.The mini-mental state examination(MMSE),digit span test(DST),oral fluency test(VFT),Rey auditory oral learning test(RAVLT),Stroop color word interference test(SCWT),event-based PM(EBPM)and time-based PM(TBPM)were used to evaluate cognitive function.Results The MMSE,RAVLT total recall,delayed recall and VFT(fruit)scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,while the SCWT(reading,color naming,interference and inhi-bition/switching)time,SCWT(color naming and inhibition/switching)the number of errors were sig-nificantly higher than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The prospective and retrospective memory scores of EBPM in the observation group were signif-icantly lower than those in the control group,and the prospective and retrospective memory scores of TBPM and the number of clock checking responses were also significantly lower than those in the con-trol group,the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Pearson test showed that EBPM score was positively correlated with RAVLT total recall and VFT(fruit)score,negatively correlated with SCWT reading and color naming time(all P＜0.05).TBPM score was positively correlated with RAVLT delayed recall and VFT(fruit)score(all P＜0.05).Conclusions The damage of EBPM and TBPM in HD patients may be important clinical features of early cognitive dysfunction.The correct diagnosis of EBPM and TBPM is helpful to prevent cognitive dysfunction in HD patients and improve the prognosis of patients.
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