Urinary soluble CD163 and urinary progranulin as biomarkers of activity in pediatric lupus ne-phritis
Objective To explore urinary soluble CD163(sCD163)and urinary progranulin(PGRN)levels of the patients with lupus nephritis(LN)and their correlation with clinical activity in-dices.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the basis of the clinical data of 50 patients with lupus nephritis in our hospital for the period January 2021 to December 2021.Patients were divid-ed into active(SLEDAI≥5 scores,25 cases)and inactive(SLEDAI＜5 scores,25 cases)groups based on the SLE disease activity index(SLEDAI),and 20 healthy subjects who underwent physical exami-nation were selected as the control group.Urinary soluble CD163 and urinary PGRN levels were exam-ined by ELISA for all three groups.The clinical data and conventional testing results were collected at the same time.Results The levels of urinary red blood cells,24-hour urinary protein,and SLEDAI score in active group were higher than that in the inactive group,and urine white blood cell count and serum albumin were lower than that in the inactive group(all P＜0.05).Urinary PGRN and urinary sCD163 in patients with lupus nephritis was significantly higher than that in the control group(all P＜0.001).The levels of urinary PGRN and sCD163 in the active group were significantly higher than those in the inactive group(all P＜0.05).Urinary sCD163 was positively correlated with serum creati-nine,24-hour urinary protein,double-stranded DNA,SLEDAI score,BILAG score(all P＜0.05),and negatively correlated with serum albumin(P＜0.05).Urinary PGRN was correlated with SLEDAI score and BILAG score(all P＜0.05),and negatively correlated with serum albumin(P＜0.05).The ROC curve results of urinary sCD163 evaluating the activity of LN showed that the specificity was 73％,the sensitivity was 73％,the Yoden index was 0.47,the cutoff point was 6.52 ng/mL,the area under the ROC curve was 0.743,and the standard error was 0.081.The ROC curve results of urinary PGRN evaluation of LN activity showed that the specificity was 80％,the sensitivity was 60％,the Jo-den index was 0.47,the cutoff point was 10.64 ng/mL,the area under the ROC curve was 0.809,and the standard error was 0.064.Conclusions Urinary sCD163 and urinary PGRN are closely relat-ed to the disease activity of systemic lupus erythematosus.Urinary sCD163 may be used as non-inva-sive biomarkers to reflect the activity of lupus nephritis.
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