Insulin resistance is one of the pathophysiological basis for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and other metabolic disorders.Skeletal muscle,as the largest endocrine organ in the human body,plays a crucial role in the progression of insulin resistance.Skeletal muscle secretes various cytokines through autocrine/paracrine mechanisms.These cytokines participate in the development of insulin resistance and related metabolic diseases by modulating insulin signaling pathways,transport protein expression,endo-plasmic reticulum stress,and the release of inflammatory factors.This review provides an overview of recent advancements and molecular mechanisms of myokine and explores potential targets of insulin resistance to in-spire further research on preventive strategies and treatment options.
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